✔️Insulin is produced by beta cells of islets of Langerhans.
✔️It is produced from the pro hormone, 'preproinsulin'® in endoplasmic reticulum. A portion of the structure is cleaved off✂️ and the remaining portion is folded with the help of C-peptide to form 'proinsulin'®
✔️The C-peptide portion is then removed✂️ to form Insulin
✔️This active 💪🏼Insulin is transported 🚛 via Golgi apparatus to cytoplasmic granules for exocytosis💦 into plasma
✔️Insulin then binds with its receptor on Insulin sensitive❣️ cells
✔️Insulin receptor 🎛 is a tetramer consisting of 2 alpha & 2 beta units.
✔️Insulin binds to the alpha unit on the cell membrane, while the beta unit, which spans the cell membrane activates🔥 , tyrosine kinase™ and the second messenger system
✔️This activates🔥 cytoplasmic vesicles containing transport molecules🚤
✔️The vesicles fuse with the cell membrane to incorporate the transport molecules🚤 into the cell membrane, which facilitate the transport of glucose into the cell.
Ⓜ️NEMO> MECHANISM OF ACTION: INSULIN Vs GLUCAGON
🔻Insulin binding to the receptor activates an intracellular second-messenger system via tyrosine kinase.
🔻Glucagon binding to its receptor activates a G-protein second-messenger system via adenylyl cyclase.
"Insulin is TricKy"
"Glucagon is ACcurate"
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