Pneumoperitonium and CVP

".. Anesthesia and the Trendelenburg position increased the CVP, PCWP and pulmonary arterial pressures and decreased cardiac output. Pneumoperitoneum increased these pressures further mostly in the beginning of the laparoscopy, and cardiac output decreased towards the end of the laparoscopy. The risk of systemic CO2-embolus was increased during laparoscopy."

Ref: Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1995 Oct;39(7):949-55.

Femur fractures and expected blood loss

SURGERIES AND BLOOD LOSS

Displaced # NOF: Hemiarthroplasty
Undisplaced # : Closed Reduction n Percutaneous Pinning
Intertrochanteric #,Sub trochanteric #: Dynamic Hip Screw
Shaft#: Intra Medullary Nailing

Expected bloodloss

Undisplaced..<100 ml
Displaced...250-500
Intertrochanteric 500+
Distal femur,shaft,im nail 750+