EXAMPLES OF 'SMALL' THINGS WHICH CAN SIGNIFICANTLY IMPAIR PATIENT'S SATISFACTION

The Risk Factors as per EuroSCORE II System used for risk stratification of patients undergoing Cardiac Surgery

📊Patient factors 

• Sex: Female 

• Age: >60 years 

• Co-morbidities including renal, neurological and extra-cardiac arterial disease 

📊Disease factors 

• Recent MI 

• Left ventricular dysfunction 

• Unstable angina 

📊Operative factors 

• Redo or emergency surgery 

• Non-isolated coronary artery bypass grafting

EPIDURAL NEEDLE & CATHETER : KNOW THE MEASUREMENTS

📐 The adult needle is 10 cms long ( shaft measures 8 cms ). 15 cms long needles are also available for obese patients 

📐 The markings are 1 cm apart for the adult needle and 0.5 cm for the pediatric one

📐 For the adult 16 & 18 G are the commonly used ones, whereas for the pediatric 19 G needles are available 

📐 Touhy is the commonly used needle

📐 Regarding the tip: ✔️The bevel is angled at 20 degree with the shaft ✔️ It is known as Huber point ✔️ It's blunt ✔️ All these features aid in the effectiveness of Loss of Resistance Technique 

📐 Regarding the catheter: ✔️ It's made of nylon or teflon ✔️ The distal tip is rounded and closed ✔️So fluid can escape only through the side ports. All these features helps to reduce chances of dural puncture and vascular injury

📐 The adult catheter is 90 cms long

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